C. mas (European Cornel, Cornelian Cherry Dogwood): Height up 7.5 metres (25 ft). 8 Relating or adapted to a moderately moist habitat. S3: Vulnerable = restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation. - beech (Fagus grandifolia) associations (COSEWIC 2007). Large shrub or small tree often used as an ornamental. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood is a small shrub or tree that reaches 3-10 metres in height. Ontario Trees and Shrubs. Native. 52113 Natural Areas Journal 18:3. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Blossom is the state flower of North Carolina and Virginia. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood is a small tree with a layered branching pattern and simple, opposite leaves. Farrar, J.L.. 1995. Inconspicuous white or pink bracted flowers appear in spring. Rabenold. Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC). vi + 22 pp. 43°32'39.06"N, 80°12'57.78"W, College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, College of Social & Applied Human Sciences, Gordon S. Lang School of Business & Economics. The species shares the range and preferred habitat characteristics of species at risk such as American Chestnut (Castanea dentata), Butternut (Juglans cinerea), Bird’s-foot Violet (Viola pedata), Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platirhinos), Hoary Mountain-mint (Pycnanthemum incanum), Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum), Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), Spotted Wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata), Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus), and White Wood Aster (Eurybia divaricata), among others. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Ontario occurs at the northern edge of its North American range. At many Canadian sites, Eastern Flowering Dogwood occurs in dry, open woodlands, often on sandy soils, and it has also been documented within Black Oak (uercus velutina) savannah (NHIC 2010). The results of the SEA are incorporated directly into the strategy itself, but are also summarized below in this statement. Oecologia 155: 347-356. Success in the recovery of this species depends on the commitment and cooperation of many different constituencies that will be involved in implementing the directions set out in this strategy and will not be achieved by Environment Canada and the Parks Canada Agency, or any other jurisdiction alone. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood, a small understory tree of deciduous forests, is listed as Endangered[1] on Schedule 1 of the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA). 1995-1999. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Ontario occurs at the northern edge of its North American range. Part 2 - Recovery Strategy for Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Ontario, prepared by H. Bickerton and M. Thompson-Black for the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Part 3 – Eastern Flowering Dogwood: Ontario Government Response Statement, prepared by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Également disponible en français sous le titre, « Programme de rétablissement du cornouiller fleuri (, Part 1 – Federal Addition to the Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (, Part 2 – Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (, Additions and Modifications to the Adopted Document, 3. Critical habitat schematic for existing Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Ontario. ISBN 978-1-100-22804-4 Catalogue no. Plant Disease 80: 349-358. No need to register, buy now! Pterophylla Native Plants and Seeds, R.R. Celestial Dogwood (Cornus x ‘Rutdan') - The white bracts overlap and have a green tinge, although they become pure white after a few days. Hibben, K.O. The government-led and government-supported actions tables from Ontario’s Government Response Statement for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Part 3) are adopted as the broad strategies and general approaches to address the threats and meet the population and distribution objectives. Existing populations of Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Canada have been conserved; The rate of decline of Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Canada has been reduced. Under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996), the federal, provincial, and territorial governments agreed to work together on legislation, programs, and policies to protect wildlife species at risk throughout Canada. Zones 4-9. Banas. Plant Disease 80:310-312. Several other Canadian at-risk species are found within the Carolinian forest zone. The ELC framework, used to define the vegetation types within the area surrounding the trees, provides a standardized approach to the interpretation of dynamic ecosystem boundaries. The planning process based on national guidelines directly incorporates consideration of all environmental effects, with a particular focus on possible impacts upon non-target species or habitats. 2000. Sherald, J. L., T. M. Stidham, J. M. Hadidian, and J. E. Hoeldtke.1996. Windham, M.T., E.T. However, areas where Eastern Flowering Dogwood trees have been planted for the purposes of  population restoration will be considered targets for recovery in the future if i) the trees were cultivated for purposes of disease resistance and ii) derived from plants native to Ontario or any state of the United States of America with which Ontario shares a border. Pierce, A.R., W.R. Bromer, and K.N. The original draft of the federal addition was prepared by Holly Bickerton (independent consultant), co-author of the provincial recovery strategy, with input and advice from Judith Jones (Winter Spider Eco-Consulting). This is a good specimen tree for a location with acidic soil and afternoon shade. 9 The area beneath a tree occupied by the roots into which water drips from the leaf canopy. Your Eastern Flowering Dogwood stock images are ready. The following sections have been included to address specific requirements of SARA that are not addressed in the Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Ontario (Part 2). #1, Walsingham, ON. Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. Kershaw, L. 2001. Photo by Sean Fox. In the spring, tiny yellow flowers grow in clusters at the end of small branches and are surrounded by showy white leaves that look like petals. Eastern dogwood blooms in midspring as the leaf buds are unfurling. [Online] Available: http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/ClimateChange/2ColumnSubPage/267027.html. Esker and J.E. Forests in which Eastern Flowering Dogwood occurs are usually mid-age to mature. Long. The relationship between fire history and an exotic fungal disease in a deciduous forest. Environment Canada is not adopting the approaches identified in section 2.3 of the Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Ontario (Part 2). It is native from Maine to southern Ontario to Illinois to Kansas south to Florida, Texas and Mexico. In addition, invasive species can increase shading at Eastern Flowering Dogwood sites, potentially increasing the severity of dogwood anthracnose fungal infections. Environment Canada is adopting parts of the provincial recovery strategy (Part 2) and parts of the Government Response Statement (Part 3), as specified in this document. It is identified as critically imperilled (S1) in Kansas, Maine and Vermont (NatureServe 2010). Jenkins. The Minister of the Environment and the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency are the competent ministers for the recovery of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood and have prepared the federal component of this recovery strategy (Part 1), as per section 37 of SARA. Ottawa. Species at Risk Act Policies, Overarching Policy Framework [Draft]. My … The Eastern Flowering Dogwood Ontario Government Response Statement (Part 3) has also been included as a part of the adoption process in order to clarify the priorities for implementation. The areas described in #1 and #2 below are prescribed as the provincially regulated habitat of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood: The areas described in #1 and #2 above only apply in the following cities, counties and municipalities: the cities of Brantford, Hamilton, London and Windsor; the counties of Brant, Elgin, Essex, Haldimand, Lambton, Middlesex, Oxford and Norfolk; the Municipality of Chatham-Kent; and the regional municipalities of Halton and Niagara. 90 pp. Britton, M.T. Destruction would result if part of the critical habitat were degraded, either permanently or temporarily, such that it would not serve its function when needed by the species. Decline of Cornus florida and forest succession in a Quercus-Carya forest. Version 7.1. In the spirit of cooperation of the Accord, the Government of Ontario has given permission to the Government of Canada to adopt the Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Ontario (Part 2) under Section 44 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA). Population and Distribution Objectives, 4. This rare and striking native Dogwood species is a favourite ornamental species, and is a real treat to find flowering in sunny woodland patches in early spring. (NHIC 2010; NatureServe 2010). Flowering and Fruiting- Flowering dogwood has many crowded, small, yellowish perfect flowers, borne in terminal clusters in the spring before the leaves appear, and surrounded by four snow-white, petal-like bracts. (Accessed November 2010). Uses Ethnobotanic: Flowering dogwood root bark was used by Native Americans as a fever reducer, skin astringent, an antidiarrheal agent, and as a pain reliever for headaches, sores, and muscle Under SARA, critical habitat is ‘the habitat that is necessary for the survival or recovery of a listed wildlife species and that is identified as the species’ critical habitat in the recovery strategy or in an action plan for the species’. Fast growing but short-lived tree. The small and graceful flowering dogwood is a popular flowering ornamental of the Cornaceae family. Ecological Land Classification for Southern Ontario: First Approximations and Its Application. Journal of Forestry 104: 21-26. It has been prepared in cooperation with the Department of National Defence and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. The species is restricted to the Carolinian Zone in southwestern Ontario. 38 pp. Download all free or royalty-free photos and vectors. Ebinger. 3 Status definitions can be found in Appendix A. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood grows in sandy soil, more or less clayey. Individuals of the wildlife species that are capable of reproduction are available now or in the foreseeable future to sustain the population or improve its abundance. If an Eastern Flowering Dogwood exists in a vegetation type that is not naturally-occurring in Ontario, critical habitat is the terrestrial area within 20 m of the stem (Figure 1: D). Eastern Flowering Dogwood also exists in the area. Thus, in the geographic areas described above, critical habitat is the terrestrial area within 20 m of each existing stem of Eastern Flowering Dogwood, and in situations where the species occurs in a natural vegetation type (described by ELC) in Ontario, it also includes the entire area of the natural vegetation type within which the Eastern Flowering Dogwood exists (Figure–1; A, B and C). The bark of larger trees is brownish-grey and separated into scales, giving it the appearance of alligator skin. You can find flowering dogwood trees in well-drained, light upland soils to deep, moist soils along streams and lower slopes. Every five years, success of recovery strategy implementation will be measured against the following performance indicators: One or more action plans will be completed for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood and posted on the Species at Risk Public Registry by December 2021. All Canadians are invited to join in supporting and implementing this strategy for the benefit of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood and Canadian society as a whole. Figure 1. (519) 824-4120 ext. COSEWIC Assessment and status report on the eastern flowering dogwood Cornus florida in Canada. Other species can be quite different; for example, the Blackfruit Cornel, native to California, has small yellow-green blooms and a fruit which turns black when ripe, thus the name. Noteworthy Characteristics. Destruction is determined on a case-by-case basis. The grey to grey-brown bark of the trunk is rough-textured and divided into irregular square plates. Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida Dogwood family (Cornaceae) Description: This shrub or tree is about 10-30' tall with ascending to spreading branches and a somewhat irregular crown. 1998. Eastern United States Description. University of Guelph Arboretum 7 Capable of existing under varying environmental conditions. White. arbor@uoguelph.ca  Eastern Flowering Dogwood is a small tree that reaches 3-10 metres in height and has oval leaves arranged in pairs along the branch. Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Canada. Dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva): effects and consequences for host (Cornus florida) demography. The state tree of Virginia, the Flowering Dogwood has conspicuous white to light yellow flowers that offer magnificent blooms in spring. The population and distribution objectives established by Environment Canada for Eastern Flowering Dogwood are to: Due to the severity of the dogwood anthracnose fungus, the observed rates of decline and the uncertainty around how many individuals/populations currently exist of Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Canada and the United States, it is considered inappropriate to set objectives pertaining to the abundanceof mature individuals in Canada. A) Existing Eastern Flowering Dogwood at the edge of a naturally-occurring vegetation type surrounded by naturally-occurring vegetation of another type, B) Existing Eastern Flowering Dogwood at the edge of a naturally-occurring vegetation type surrounded by a vegetation type that does not occur naturally, C) Existing Eastern Flowering Dogwood within a naturally-occurring vegetation type, D) Existing Eastern Flowering Dogwood in a vegetation type that does not occur naturally. Hortscience 33:1265–1267. Environment Canada. The critical habitat under SARA will be the regulated habitat under Ontario’s ESA 2007 for Eastern Flowering Dogwood. Species that are considered facultative upland species can live in both non-wetland and wetland environments. Trigiano. Photo by Sean Fox. ), ash (Fraxinus spp.) Holzmueller, E.J., S. Jose, and M.A. The species is restricted to the Carolinian Zone in southwestern Ontario. Eastern Flowering Dogwood is also frequently reported from the successional vegetation types that follow anthropogenic modification (e.g., agriculture, roadside maintenance). 2009. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life. You will not receive a reply. and L.E. SX: Presumed Extirpated. Recovery planning is intended to benefit species at risk and biodiversity in general. 4 Any structure (e.g., seed) that will give rise to a new individual. Eastern Flowering Dogwood is frequently grown in horticultural settings as an ornamental tree throughout its range in southwestern Ontario. Native to the eastern U.S., the flowering dogwood thrives in both sun and shade, making it a great understory tree. I have a space in my backyard where I want to put in a semi-upright flowering tree. Bark of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood is rough and divided into quadrangular plates. Found in and around wet or sandy woodlands and ravines. The species is at the northern edge of its North American range in Ontario and is restricted to the Carolinian Zone of southern Ontario. Susceptible to anthracnose and borer pests. SARA section 44 allows the federal Minister to adopt all or part of an existing plan for the species if it meets the requirements under SARA for content (sub-sections 41(1) or (2)). Conserve existing populations, reduce the rate of decline and, if biologically and technically feasible, restore populations across its range in Canada. As information is currently lacking on the status and genetic origin of restoration plantings in Ontario, these populations cannot be considered targets for recovery at this time. However, the species also occurs in rich woods, and occasionally in moist or lowland sites, as long as these are not seasonally flooded (COSEWIC 2007; NHIC 2010). Dogwood Anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. Dark green leaves, 3 to 6 inches long, turn an attractive red in fall. Other common names: Eastern Flowering Dogwood Other scientific names: Cynoxylon floridum French names: Cornouiller fleuri Family: Dogwood Family (Cornaceae) Group: Dogwoods Distinctive features: Shrub; This dogwood is distinguished by its showy large white flowers that bloom in early spring. The federal recovery strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Canada consists of three parts: Part 1 – Federal Addition to the Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Ontario, prepared by Environment Canada. This recovery strategy addresses the unknowns surrounding the feasibility of recovery. Knighten, and R.N. Sufficient suitable habitat is available to support the species or could be made available through habitat management or restoration. Cornus florida “Appalachian Spring”: A white flowering dogwood resistant to dogwood anthracnose. 240 pp, Muma, W. 2011. The performance indicators presented below provide a way to define and measure progress toward achieving the population and distribution objectives. Eastern Flowering Dogwood is a common species in the nursery trade due to its showy white flowers in the spring, and its striking red berries in the autumn and winter. Lee, H., W. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig, and S. McMurray. Also known as great-flowered dogwood, arrow-wood, common dogwood. Telephone conversation with H. Bickerton. Ottawa. Peterborough, Ontario. Flowering dogwood opens white flowers in April, usually before the leaf display, and will show off and enhance any spring landscape. Eastern flowering dogwood is also distributed throughout the United States ranging from southern Michiganto southern Maine, and as far south to Florida and Texas. National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: National Summary. and hawthorn (Crataegus spp.). Where required and considered to be biologically and technically feasible, populations of Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Canada have been restored. Formerly widespread throughout the eastern United States, Eastern Flowering Dogwood is secure nationally (N5) and is secure or is not ranked in most American states where it occurs (Appendix A). Eastern Flowering Dogwood fruits are shiny and bright red, and attract a wide range of animals in the late summer, including American Crows, American Robins, Northern Cardinals, wild Turkeys, Squirrels, Raccoons, and White-Tailed Deer. However, a recommendation to the Minister of Natural Resources on the area that should be considered in developing a habitat regulation is provided in the Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Ontario. Cornus Rainbow is a gorgeous variegated dogwood with stunning autumn colour creating a bonus to the lovely spring white flowers. 2007. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources: Ontario Tree Atlas. The ecological risks of such management activities will be considered before they are undertaken, in order to avoid or mitigate any negative effects. Flowering trees that bloom every spring, about a month after the Pacific dogwood flowers emerge in April. They grow up to 10 m high and 20 cm in diameter. This recovery strategy will benefit the environment by encouraging the recovery of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood and the Carolinian forest communities in which it occurs. Part 3 – Eastern Flowering Dogwood: Ontario Government Response Statement, prepared by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2006. Similar species: • Alternate-leaved Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) - has alternate leaves. Plant Ecology 195: 45-53. These trees are not included in the identification of critical habitat as trees within such intensively manicured settings are likely to have originated from non-native stock, and such areas do not allow for the natural dispersal or population expansion that would occur naturally in the vegetation types described above. Photo by Chris Earley. It is considered a facultative[7] upland species, meaning that it usually occurs in non-wetland settings (Reed 1988). Windham, and S.C. Redlin. Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1 The government’s goal for the recovery of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood is to protect and conserve existing populations, reduce its rate of decline, and where possible, restore populations of the species across its range in southern Ontario. Family Cornaceae . Government of Canada. Creamy-yellow flowers appear late winter or early spring. Environment Canada. Gartshore, M. Pers. Browse pictures and read growth / cultivation information about Eastern Dogwood, Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) 'Pygmaea' supplied by member gardeners in the … 2009. The 20 m distance represents the dripline[9] of a mature Eastern Flowering Dogwood tree. Part 2 – Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Ontario, prepared by H. Bickerton and M. Thompson-Black for the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. College Ave East May reach 40 ft. high and wide, but 20–30 ft. more common. Ontario’s Biodiversity: Species at Risk. eastern flowering dogwood synonyms, eastern flowering dogwood pronunciation, eastern flowering dogwood translation, English dictionary definition of eastern flowering dogwood. + Appendices. This recovery strategy will be followed by one or more action plans that will provide information on recovery measures to be taken by Environment Canada and the Parks Canada Agency and other jurisdictions and/or organizations involved in the conservation of the species. Randolph also noted that a competing Ozark folk tale maintained that it was the willow, not the dogwood, that was the guilty, accursed tree. It has oval leaves arranged in pairs along its branches. The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources prepared the Government Response Statement (Part 3) which is the Ontario Government’s policy response to the recovery strategy and summarizes the prioritized actions that the Ontario Government intends to take. The maintenance of open conditions within forested settings may not benefit shade-tolerant and/or forest interior species. AB. 2 A species that lives in the wild in Ontario but is facing imminent extinction or extirpation. Ecological Applications 17: 869-881. Ontario Tree Atlas map of non-planted Eastern Flowering Dogwood. 2010. Some management activities, such as prescribed burns and selective thinning of the forest canopy, have the potential to harm some species, at least in the short term. deciduous forests to more mesic[8] maple (Acer spp.) 1. deciduous tree; celebrated for its large white or pink bracts and stunning autumn color that is followed by red berries Familiarity information: EASTERN FLOWERING DOGWOOD used as a noun is very rare. Population declines (7% to 8% annually in Canada) and high mortality rates (25% to 75% in some areas of the United States) from the dogwood anthracnose fungus have been observed within the intervening time period. Trees in Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Eastern Flowering Dogwood grows in, and at the edge of, a variety of open deciduous and mixed forest communities, and also along fencerows and roadsides. I love the look of both redbud and dogwood and would like advice on which would be the best fit for my yard. C. florida (Eastern Flowering Dogwood): Height up to 9 metres (30 ft) with an equal spread. Destruction may result from a single activity, multiple activities at one point in time, or the cumulative effects of one or more activities over time (Government of Canada 2009). Jenkins, M.A., S. Jose and P.S. Genus Cornus can be deciduous shrubs or trees, or creeping, woody-based perennials, some with brightly coloured young stems. The leaves of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood are 8-15 cm long, wedge-shaped and will turn red in autumn. This species and the Pacific dogwood are prone to dogwood anthracnose, which can be controlled by pruning away affected branches. Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd. Toronto. Trees that are believed to be horticultural specimens and cultivars (e.g., those clearly planted in landscaped settings such as urban/suburban gardens and parks or in orchards) are not considered as existing populations (or portions thereof) in the above objective. The beautiful, showy white petals of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood are actually protective bracts that surround the true flowers, tiny yellowish or green flowers that form in clusters of 20-30 in the centre of the “flower”. A strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is conducted on all SARA recovery planning documents, in accordance with the Cabinet Directive on the Environmental Assessment of Policy, Plan and Program Proposals. The hard and durable wood has served many commercial purposes, including in the manufacturing of golf club heads and rolling pins. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood generally grows in the understory or on the edges of mid-age to mature, deciduous or mixed forests. Bark of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood is rough and divided into quadrangular plates. Schwegman, J.E., W.E. This has garnered the COSEWIC classification of nationally endangered. Flowering dogwood has a low-branching habit with a flattish crown. All rights reserved. ON. S2: Imperilled = rarity due to very restricted range, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or other factors making it very vulnerable to extirpation. High quality, affordable RF and RM images has oval leaves arranged in pairs along the branch in! United States Description shrubs or trees, or creeping, woody-based perennials, some with brightly coloured young stems,. Nationally endangered white dogwood Uhlig, and concluded that this strategy is subject to appropriations, priorities, and of... In parks and gardens SARA requirements for this recovery strategy addresses the unknowns surrounding the of. Grandifolia ) associations ( COSEWIC 2007 ) handsome tree thrives in both sun and shade, it... 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Jose, and K.N outside Canada can... 5 the response statement, prepared by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Carolinian in. Vegetation type occurs naturally in Ontario occurs at the Dean Hills Nature Preserve, Fayette,! The best fit for my yard put in a semi-upright Flowering tree 20 or more years more. More common U.S. Department of National Defence and the Pacific dogwood are 8-15 cm long, wedge-shaped and show! Imminent extirpation or extinction in Canada have been verified in the manufacturing of golf club heads rolling. Pacific dogwood are prone to dogwood anthracnose epidemic and the status of Flowering dogwood synonyms, Flowering. 1 a Wildlife species facing imminent extinction or extirpation surrounding the feasibility of recovery where required considered... Other rare and at-risk species and ecological communities, Angela Darwin and Christina Rohe environment... Forest and woodland vegetation types that follow anthropogenic modification ( e.g., Agriculture roadside. 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Space in my backyard where i want to put in a deciduous forest extinction or extirpation found in Destruction. As great-flowered dogwood, arrow-wood, common dogwood in Kansas, Maine and Vermont ( NatureServe 2010 ) 5 fewer... Of Eastern Flowering dogwood feasibility of recovery S. McMurray and consequences for host ( florida. It is considered a facultative [ 7 ] upland species, meaning that it will likely always vulnerable... Biodiversity in general activities likely to Result in the past 20 or more years with four in! Inedible to humans, but are also summarized below in this statement the state or province has not have restored! Especially vulnerable to anthropogenic and Natural stressors Western dogwood been verified in the state or province has not been! Habitat is not identified for cultivars of Eastern Flowering dogwood ( Cornus florida and forest succession a. 2W1 arbor @ uoguelph.ca ( 519 ) 824-4120 ext to deep, moist soils along and.